Child Abuse Essay - 1259 Words

Beaten. Bruised. Broken. Everyday a child suffers from these, physically, verbally and sexually. You might be wondering how anyone could have a heart so weak and bitter to do perform these tasks on an innocent child. Everyday a child gets abused either physically, verbally or sexually by their so called caring parents who are supposed to love them and keep them in a safe and secure environment ironically in their home. Physical abuse is when you use actions instead of communicating verbally and if serious enough can result in death. A child can be hit, kicked or even punched which leaves bruises or broken bones! Do you want to hear the slap of a hand hitting a weak and frail little angel’s skin or the thud of a†¦show more content†¦They try to run away from their fears, but in the end they know they are going to have to face reality again! They will be left do perform tasks by themselves which include: making lunches for school, making meals to eat, doing home work by themselves, doing chores by themselves because they don’t have the luxury of having parents that love them and would normally perform those tasks for them if they were a real caring family. A child would be spending most of their days having thoughts running through their heads about what it would be like to have a family that loved and cared for them. They would be dreaming of jumping into hot bubble baths which would be run for them by their mother; newly ironed dresses, waiting anxiously on the bed ready to be worn; a delicious home cooked meal set on the table ready to be eaten; and diving into a comfy, warm bed not having the worries of being beaten the following day. But they know that these will only happen in their dreams if they don’t try and contact someone to sort the problem which they are having out. Child abuse usually happens due to a specific reason from the abuser. Some of these reasons are: the abuser was abused during his childhood and t hey feel the need to take these actions out on another person to show how they were treated when they were young. The abuser could be an alcohol addict and this could result in them becoming violent when they have beenShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesLauren Arnold 3rd hour Mrs. Williams Effects of Abuse on Babies, Infants, and Toddlers Later in Life The causes of child abuse on infants, babies, and toddlers are catastrophic. There are several people who get abused from infancy to adultance. Each person who gets abused and survives the trauma is left with devastating memories. Many abused children come from homes that are disturbed, chaotic, and violent. (Markham). A child who has been abused is more likely to grow up into an angry teenagerRead MoreChild Abuse Essay2354 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Child Abuse Child Abuse is harm done to a child; this person causing the abuse can be either a child or an adult. Sadly, child abuse has been practiced in all cultures, and in all ethics throughout the world. In certain places child abuse started to be noticed and considered as one of the major problems in society. It is normally caused by stress or an economic problem, the average of child abuse is frightfully high, which is unacceptable we should unite as a society to make this end throughoutRead MoreChild Abuse Essay1837 Words   |  8 PagesChild Abuse Child abuse causes pain in children’s life, Child abuse is a major problem in the society Child sexual abuse is a big problem in our society today especially the sex trafficking the sex trafficking occurs when a human uses force or some kind of fraud. It’s like when an adult forces a minor to commit a sex act it’s when you are being forced to make someone else some money for themselves and that doesn’t benefit you. Trafficking is built on the economic principle buyers who are willingRead MoreChild Abuse Essay1817 Words   |  8 PagesBy definition, child abuse is the deliberate physical maltreatment or sexual molestation of a child by a caretaker. Hitting, beating, slamming against a wall, burning, and in severe cases, even killing. Why would anyone want to purposely hit an innocent child? While this is a question that many people wonder child abuse is actually more common than most people think. Every year more than 3.6 million referrals are made to chil d protection agencies with reports of child abuse. I argue throughout thisRead MoreChild Abuse- Social Problems Essays870 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Problems Child Abuse Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional mistreatment, or neglect of children. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or also known as CDC defines child abuse as any act or series of acts by a parent or other caregiver that could result in harm to a child. Most child abuse occurs in a childs home, but it could also be found within organizations, schools, or communities that the child interacts with. There are four majorRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent years child maltreatment has had an increase in the publics eye. There are many factors to child maltreatment. There are four general categories of child maltreatment now recognized. They are physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional maltreatment. Each category, in turn, covers a range of behavior. The maltreatment of children not only affects the children themselves, but also affects the family by making it dysfunctional. Physical Abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical abuse may be best definedRead More Child Abuse and Neglect Essay802 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Child Abuse† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child abuse is a very serious and controversial issue that is escalating in today’s society. As we look back to the 1940’s and 1950’s, it was almost unheard of to let anyone outsideRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect858 Words   |  4 Pagestheir parents will loose their temper and perhaps kill them. There are many types of child abuse, such as physical, sexual, and emotional. Physical abuse is physical injury as a result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, shaking, throwing, stabbing, choking, hitting, burning, or otherwise harming a child. Such injury is considered abuse regardless of whether the caretaker intended to hurt the child. Sexual abuse includes activities by a parent or caretaker such as fondling a childs genitals, penetrationRead More Child Abuse and Neglect Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse is a very serious issue all throughout the world, in all different countries, cultures, and communities. The four main types of abuse are emotional abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse, and although emotional abuse and neglect are often overlooked, each has just as severe effects on children as sexual and physic al abuse (Saisan et al.). The many causes of all kinds of the abuse of children have devastating effects on the child’s life presently and later on in life. ThereRead More Child Abuse and Neglect Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesWhen thinking about statistics on child abuse, it’s very helpful to know that the idea of â€Å"child abuse† is very controversial. Recently, in particular homes and cultures, child abuse has come to be seen as a major social problem and a main cause of many people’s suffering and personal problems. Some believe that we are beginning to face the true prevalence and significance of child abuse. There is more to child abuse than just the physical scars; children are affected socially, mentally, and emotionally

Does Sports Keep Kids Out of Trouble - 773 Words

I. INTRODUCTION A. A U.S. Department of Health and Human Services study found that students who did not participate in athletics were 57% more likely to have dropped out of high school by their senior year, 49% more likely to have used drugs, 37% more likely to have become teen parents, 35% more likely to have smoked cigarettes, and 27% more likely to have been arrested. B. I am convinced that playing sports is one the most effective ways of keeping teens out of trouble and help guide them to a better future. C. I started playing sports when I was 5 years old. It has taught me valuable lessons and helped me grow as a person. I know for certain that sports helps to keep teens occupied and less likely to get in†¦show more content†¦1. First piece of evidence that supports Argument #2 i. In the article â€Å" The Impact of Sports on Adolescent Development† published in Forum on Public Policy in 2013, D.C Jack conducted a study that found ii. The effects of sports on teenagers who have low-esteem indicated that such teens tend to learn important life lessons that enable them to form constructive friendships and improve their self-image. iii. From this we can see that participating in sports helps to build self- esteem which builds self-confidence. 2. Second piece of evidence that supports Argument #2 i. In the article â€Å"Do Sports Help Improve Leadership Skills?† published in Livestrong in 2013, T. Duggan stated that ii. By participating in sports, teens can learn to communicate effectively with their fellows especially when an instant decision is required. iii. Through sports, teens learn how to make a quick observation, process the information and make correct decisions quickly. Learning to make quick decisions builds quality leadership skil ls. Those opposing school sports argue that sports take up valuable time needed for studying and academics. 1. First piece of evidence that refutes the opposing argument. i. The article â€Å"The Smartest Kids in the World† written by Amanda Ripley states that ii. The importance of sports is getting in the way of a student’s education. iii. This article focuses on the amount of time spentShow MoreRelatedArgumentation Essay784 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 31, 2014 Teens on the right path with sports During this time, most teenagers are trying to figure who they are, who are the people they can depend on, and where they belong in this world. Without guidance from some sort of positive authority, teens can be led down the wrong path. Teens need structure and goals to keep their minds on the right track. Sports can be a great activity to help teens stay on the correct path. It teaches discipline and keeps their minds focused, it is a chance to meetRead Moreâ€Å"an Idle Mind Is the Devil’s Workshop†1736 Words   |  7 Pagesthat can lead to a deal of trouble. Parents are always looking to find ways to better their teen’s chances of avoiding these temptations. After school activities are seen as a way to keep teens out of trouble by consuming their time. Sports are a great way to keep teens from indulging in activities that could be looked down on. Not only do sports teach many life lessons and reduce teen’s chances of getting into trouble, but they also help reduce health and obesity troubles by keeping them activeRead MorePros And Cons Of Playing Sports Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, parents either push their children out into the real world, or they keep the real world hidden from them. Parents keep their kids from doing so much in life because of their own fear. Every day children ask their parents for something; in most situations it is an easy â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†, but in others it is a little harder to answer. In situations such as if they can buy something or go somewhere it is an easy answer, but in situations such as playing sports, they have to consider the pros and consRead MoreDoes Participation Sports Keep Juveniles Out Of Trouble?896 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Participation in Sports Keep Juveniles Out of Trouble? Today’s youth is our society’s future, which is why it is important to keep them safe and out of harm’s way. Children and teens who get into trouble are more likely to continue doing so as they reach adulthood. It is important to give children an alternative extra-curricular activity than hanging out with their friends unsupervised with peer pressure all around them. Sports can be a great way to help these children improve their livesRead MoreSocialization In Sport1091 Words   |  5 PagesSport has a lot of positive avenue not only for socialization, but it can be also for maintaining impact the life of others around you, it is also healthy for you. Sport has impact a lot of people lives, and it help build their confidence and find out who they truly are as a person. â€Å"The explanation of Socialization is based on a social interaction model, that is organized around a combination or cultural, interactionist, and structural theories† (52). this text f rom the book explains the impactRead MoreDo High School Sports Stay?1200 Words   |  5 PagesDo High School Sports Stay? Could you imagine a world of not that many kids going to college? Not a lot of healthy and happy kids? Well we can’t. Without high school sports, not a lot of kids would be happy or healthy. Parents who care about their child, support sports, or cares about our next generation then help save sports! Today’s generation of teens are getting more and more lazy as technology increases. High school sports will keep kids more busy and get them off their phone/tablet andRead MoreWhy Physical Education Is Important Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pageseducation is important for a number of reasons, one of the biggest reasons being that if someone is physical fit and participates in physical activity daily, the chances are, their going to live a longer, healthier life than one who is not physical fit and does not participate in physical activity on a daily basis. Another big reason is physical education and athletics help define a person and shape them and people can learn a lot ab out themselves by participating in activities, such as how well they handleRead MoreRelationship Between Coaches And Coaches1552 Words   |  7 Pagesgirls say that sports are a big part of who they are. Additionally, there are over 21 million kids between the ages of 6 and 17 that play sports (Kelley). This enormous number not only represents children playing a sport but it also represents something that each of those kids have in common: they each have a coach. There are three key things involved in every sport: the players, the competition, and the coaches. Each of these parts of the sport are important and necessary. Sports are not only aRead MoreDoes Sports Benefit Students? What Are The Disadvantages?899 Words   |  4 Pages How do sports benefit students?What are the disadvantages?what are the affects and effects of a student athlete? Sports can be beneficial in many ways.Higher grade expectations and attainment(source 1A) greater connections with school that is greater attachment and support from adults(source 1b),greater personal confidence and self esteem,more academically oriented friends,(source 1c),more restraint avoiding risky behavior(source 1d There are numerous to being a student athlete whileRead MoreAthletes Being Good Role Models1403 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 1301 4-16-2013 Role Models In professional sports today, there are thousands of professional athletes. Some have more fame than others and have varying levels of influence on young children throughout the world. It is important for all athletes to realize that they are role models. Also to reflect a positive character to the youth around the world. Athletes tend to do things in a selfish manner, not realizing that they have thousands of kids following their every move. According to Solberg

Questions Free Essays

What should you do next? What are some of the options at your disposal to ensure that you do not alienate your colleagues? As the budget is limited and the number of projects in question is multiple, only the best projects which promise the maximum growth for the company can be selected. As the CIO of the firm, my Job is to keep the functional manager’s happy and motivated at all times. At the same time I cannot create a void between the sponsors and myself. We will write a custom essay sample on Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now This type of situation creates a dilemma and needs to be dealt tactfully. As a next step I would: ) Conduct meetings with my functional managers and explain the situation such that there is no communication gap created b) Create a plan with them to help effectively sell their project to the sponsors c) Explain to them what made the other projects get selected over their projects. d) Help him identify what his project proposal lacked. 2) Are there any structural problems with the budgeting process at Performance Boards, Inc.? What improvements would you suggest for next year†if any? The performance board is tied down for budget and they need to allocate budgets to different projects. However, at a particular time, not all projects can be fulfilled. Thus only the projects best suited towards the organizations growth can be undertaken in the limited budget. However, the organization should undertake projects which will help sales. Since it is a manufacturing firm, â€Å"sales† is an important part of their business line. An increase in sales will lead help the organizations growth and increase in revenue. Performance Boards Inc. should prioritize their pillars when it comes to IT development. Since the industry is digitizing, IT priority in all departments should be created. As a strategy for next year, I would a) Create a plan where the parked projects could be prioritized. b) The project plans that are parked should simultaneously be worked upon to ensure that the plan is update as per industry. c) The departments which are the pillars of the organization and generate revenue should be put on the highest priority d) The departments which help in ensuring that the organization is still a good place to work should be placed next. e) The CIO must appoint other managers to help the departments develop a good project proposal which becomes difficult for the sponsors to ignore. The CIO should emphasize to the sponsors as to how long a particular project has been kept waiting and help the departmental projects get sanctioned. This will help him maintain relations with both the departmental managers and the sponsors. 1) Chargeback Chargeback is the mechanism by which a company charges for the amount of service that is provided by them. This model for revenue g eneration is used extensively in the cloud and Amazon runs it Web Services based on it. They charge a customer for the amount of resources that they consume on a monthly basis. For instance, a ustomer can start a virtual machine with amazon with a particular configuration at any time. The customer has the option to upgrade his subscription to a new one by paying the difference between the price initially paid and the actual price. By this, he gets an upgraded system. This is a classic example of a chargeback revenue model. 2) Allocation Allocation is a mechanism that many companies use to charge project teams for the services purchased by them. For instance, a company like Accenture which is a service based company has various projects running within. The company provides each team with a lot of infrastructure which is required for carrying out their tasks effectively. An example of this can be the helpdesk system which they have to provide assistance to the employees. The company charges the project team, a fixed price based on the number of employees on the project. Further, the project has to bear this cost irrespective whether it is used by the employees or not. Further, the number of times the helpdesk system can be used is not fixed. The employees are free to use it as many times as they need. 3) Overhead The distribution of costs incurred by the company to install information systems which are distributed equally to all departments are known as an overhead cost. Crouse hospital in Syracuse went ahead to build an information system to maintain EMR. They had to bear the entire cost of this system which was internally borne by the various departments within the hospital. Whether it be the Cardiology department or the Respiratory department, each department had to bear the same cost to get the EMR installed. This cost that was borne by the department was an overhead cost which was used to fund an information system. How to cite Questions, Papers Questions Free Essays Summarize your current level of responsibility and decision-making ability in your company. What role do you play in your organization’s strategy? What are your career goals for the next five years? What steps do you see yourself taking to achieve these goals? How will a UNC Kenan-Flagler MBA help you reach your goals? Although the levels of my responsibilities are not those typical of a non-degreed manager, I have worked twice as hard and derived much pride in an extremely successful management career despite not having a bachelors degree.. We will write a custom essay sample on Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition to promoting my sense of hard work I have over than 3 years of increasing management responsibility at Velocitel, I have been currently assigned overall responsibility of implementation and management of the companies supply chain as well as all subcontractor qualification and relationship management. I report directly to the President and Chief Operating Officer. As part of the overall senior management team, I own the Velocitel supply chain and purchasing. I interface with fortune 50 senior executive customers in the telecommunications industry space. My team comprises of 6 logistic managers and 4 warehouse managers, each managing a local presence in our largest territory markets. In the last three years I have been included in every major corporate strategy definition meeting, business analysis, and senior client interaction. I am often engaged by senior executives as an internal consultant for my strong problem-solving capabilities. In addition to becoming highly skilled at process risk consulting, I have also significantly improved my project management and ‘new service’ development abilities in the last three years. After graduating from UNC, I will seek to stay with my current firm as a senior executive or with its parent company in the business development group. In addition to providing me with an opportunity to apply what I have learned, it will expose me to the practical issues of new business creation and integration due to the company’s growth strategies. I have learned that an important part of being a manager is developing vision, knowing not only what my company is doing next month but also what you t it should do three years from now. Knowledge gained through courses like â€Å" Strategic Thinking and Change† and â€Å" Global Supply Chain Management†Ã¢â‚¬  will allow me to take these considerations into account, balancing it with reality. Five years after earning an MBA, I, I believe that I am ready to take the next step toward my dream of working for those less fortunate by becoming the CEO of a nonprofit or NGO, such as St. Boniface Haiti an organization I have had the pleasure of being involved with. I want to be the one that directs the course, creates a vision and executes it. A path of management roles in large NGO’s that focus on a business acumen will serve as the necessary ground for being an innovative leader hopefully leaving my mark on lives and the world,   I feel that UNC is the place to receive my Executive MBA education. The close community, the unique geographical location and the strong emphasis the MBA program has on team players and teamwork creates an atmosphere conducive to strong learning. This special trait reflects also in the UNC alumni community. Speaking to UNC Alumni, I was impressed with their willingness to go to great length to assist each other. 2. What are your primary strengths? What aspects of yourself would you like to improve? What do you hope to learn during the MBA for Executives Program that will help you refine your strengths and minimize your weaknesses? I am lucky enough to have experience leading projects dealing with establishment of new business units, and reorganization projects. I have a great deal of strength in dealing with strategic implementation projects. I bring with me diverse knowledge and experience of creating and managing change within an organization. I possess multi-dimensional leadership skills and have led various cross-functional teams in complex projects that streamlined business processes and added value. I am an open-minded person, a good team player and an excellent communicator. With work experience in third world countries, this gives me the benefit of seeing things from a broader perspective. This translates well into professionalism, strong values, and humility. I am sensitive to the fact that different people require different types of direction and treatment. Although I often work with diverse and challenging groups, I am generally able to reach consensus and create a shared vision and purpose. This allows me to establish team priorities and proactively set our mutual direction. I am working on being more assertive about my viewpoints; I attribute this lack of confidence to the absence of formal business training. Although I have improved a lot, I still need to be more effective in defending my ideas and getting my point across to executive management. I think time at UNC will guarantee the development of these skills. Finally, the gaps in my formal business training specifically in-depth knowledge of accounting and marketing. require me to ask more questions than my peers. Although I am comfortable with both additional training at UNC will surely address these areas of needed improvement. 3. MBA for Executives students learn a great deal from both the faculty and their classmates. At UNC, they are expected to contribute by interacting with classmates and faculty in study teams and in the classroom. How will you differentiate yourself from your classmates? Provide examples of your professional experiences that will distinguish you from your classmates and will provide valuable insights for them. 4. (Optional) what would you like to tell us that would help us evaluate your application? Or, what unique personal qualities or life experiences outside of work distinguish you from other applicants? How to cite Questions, Papers

Per User Charging Pricing Model Twitter

Question: Describe about the Per User Charging Pricing Model for Twitter. Answer: Introduction Twitter is a real-time, social media platform that allows the users to share their ideas and thoughts in the form of tweets that can be 140 characters long. It also allows the users to be updated on the tweets that are put up by other users by providing an option to follow other users. It is a global platform with more than 100 million active users on a daily basis and more than 230 million active monthly users. There has been an immense increase in the usage of Twitter by the users with the increase in the use of social media platforms (Twitter, 2013). Charge per User Charging Model There are a number of different pricing models that are used on a real-time platform such as Twitter. Various pricing and charging models include subscription, pay per user/individual user charging, third party supported, ad-hoc payments and many others. The model that has been recommended for Twitter is to charge the individual users for the usage. It is a model that is most commonly used in the consumer media market and makes use of the scenarios in which the value associated with the transactions is small and allows the ability to be automated as well. This model has also been successful in the discrete online communication and a number of educational applications along with web conferencing platforms as well (Jiang, 2007). Pros of per User Charging Model There are a number of advantages that are associated with per user charging model in case of Twitter. Easy distribution and simple billing process The pricing model of charging from the individual users reflects the desired results in case when the services can be monitored in an effective manner. In case of Twitter, the primary purpose of the platform is associated to serve the social media business and the same works by making a shift from the traditional broadcast channels to a number of different cable channels. The model would allow the distribution of the services easier than the current model. Billing processes and the management of all the billing associated tasks will also become easy. The agreements associated with the billing systems would be communicated in an easier manner along with the ability to bill easy. The customers will also be able to authorize an agreement comprising of the charges that will be applied (Reasonstreet, 2016). Easier Management of the costs It is easy to distinguish the user preferences and the set of priority features for the users in the case of a platform such as Twitter. Charging per user for the usage would allow the development of the services and values as per the needs and requirements of the users and would also allow the overall management of the costs easy. Reduced barriers to customer adoption The cost that is associated as the startup costs in case of enterprise software or a real time platform such as Twitter is low or negligible. It is because of this reason the customers do not wait to try the service as soon as it is released and increase their use as per their liking and requirements. Charging on a per user basis would allow the users to correctly and accurately assess their needs and requirements from the platform and would also allow them to get adapted to the same in a quick manner. Data-driven customer learning The model would allow the business unit at the end of Twitter to have a better picture of the usage, needs and expectations of the customers in terms of services and operations. It would also allow the company to get greater feedback and comments in order to refine the pricing model and the pricing scheme along with an idea on the steps to package the services and packages to achieve higher profits and revenues (Webappsuccess, 2016). Increased Customer Satisfaction The model would also allow the enhancement in the levels of customer satisfaction and engagement from Twitter as the charging would be done according to the usage. There would be increased transparency between the business unit and the customer that would surely enhance the level of trust among the customers. Cons of Per User Charging Model Along with the pros of the pricing model of charging from per user, there may be a certain points of concern as well. These concerns would be required to be managed and paid attention to in order to gain maximum benefit out of the model and to make a correct decision on whether to adapt the model or not. Use and revenue would be unpredictable The change in the pricing model to charging it from per user will bring a lot of change in which the service is being currently used by the users. It would result in the difficulty to predict the usage and revenues in advance during the initial period of application. There is also frequent charge of trend in the market. For instance, the rise of social media has occurred in the past few years and technology is continuously advancing itself. There may be a different platform available for the users in the coming years and a shift may be seen from the current to a new platform. It would therefore be difficult to predict the revenue in such technological shifts as well. May not go down well with frequent customers There would be a section of people who may not be able to adapt the change quickly. The resistance may be seen in the customers who make use of Twitter on a frequent basis as they may prefer the current pricing model over the one that is recommended (Cachon, 2011). Ability to flex without fail There is also resistance that is seen among the users and the customers when they become unable to flex up in case of the demand or requirement. There are also chances of capacity shortage or burnout that have been seen in the similar cases earlier with other services and platforms. It would therefore be required for Twitter to continue with the excellent service quality and utilization of the strength of public utility. Also, the availability of the service shall not be compromised in case of the change of the pricing model. Implementation Issues There may also be issues with the successful implementation of the pricing model resulting from a number of different factors such as inefficient planning, change of trend in the market, too much resistance among the customers and many others. It would be therefore required to monitor and manage the implementation process correctly in order to avoid any of the implementation risks associated with the process. Conclusion There are a number of drawbacks and issues that are associated with the pricing strategy and model of Twitter. It would be therefore required to bring a change in the current pricing model of Twitter. The recommended pricing model is charging on the per user basis. There are a number of pros that are associated with the model such as easier management and simpler billing process, easier management of the costs, data-driven customer learning and many others. There are also some cons that will be associated with the transformation such as use and revenue would be difficult to predict and there may also be implementation risks and issues. References Cachon, G. (2011). Pricing Services Subject to Congestion: Charge Per-Use Fees or Sell Subscriptions?. [online] Available at: https://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/~cachon/pdf/cachon-feldman-msom.pdf [Accessed 26 Nov. 2016]. Jiang, B. (2007). Software Licensing: Pay-Per-Use versus Perpetual. [online] Repository.cmu.edu. Available at: https://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344context=tepper [Accessed 26 Nov. 2016]. Reasonstreet, (2016). Business Model: Pay-Per-Use | Reason Street. [online] Reasonstreet.co. Available at: https://www.reasonstreet.co/business-model-pay-per-use/ [Accessed 26 Nov. 2016]. Twitter, (2013). Public. Real-Time. Conversational. Distributed. 1st ed. Twitter Inc. Webappsuccess, (2016). Pricing models - A Practical Guide to Web App Success. [online] Webappsuccess.com. Available at: https://webappsuccess.com/pricing-models.html [Accessed 26 Nov. 2016].

The Namesake Film Analysis Essay Example

The Namesake Film Analysis Essay At the start of the film, Ashoke and Ashima leave India for America and their life together begins. The move from the big city of Calcutta to the big city of New York is much lonelier because they have no family nearby and the land is unfamiliar. The climate is also different, it is winter time and the weather is cold. Ashima is learning very quickly that the living conditions are different. Ashoke explains to her that they have gas twenty-four hours a day, and the difference between hot and cold water symbols. Also there was no need for her to boil the water for drinking; she could just drink straight from the tap. Life in America is different and at times lonely, however Ashoke believes it’s the land of opportunity. When Ashima accepted her arranged marriage the cost was to leave her family of orientation behind, and all that she had ever known. The benefits were a companionship and the opportunity to build life in the U. S. Ashoke also shared the same benefits, but the costs seemed less because he had already traveled abroad. Ashoke was more familiar with U. S. culture, and had a job in New York City. We will write a custom essay sample on The Namesake Film Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Namesake Film Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Namesake Film Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He seemed to gain more immediately from the arranged marriage than Ashima because now along with his job he had a life companion. As the story evolves, Ashoke and Ashima don’t show a lot of physical affection, but it seems apparent that they care for one another as people of the same culture, learning to be together. Ashoke dreams about being physically intimate with Ashima, and that tells the viewer that he desires her. In the U. S. , relationships that are just beginning have a higher desire for physical affection and intimacy than relationships in older stages. However this could be true because in the U. S. , people are allowed to choose their partner, rather than the selection being arranged. Also a high amount of affection or display of affection is accepted by American standards, and it seemed less accepted by Indian culture. Their marriage begins as a companionate marriage, and as time progresses there is definitely a love for one another. When Ashima’s father dies, Ashoke holds her and comforts her while she cries. He is helpful with the children in the airport on the way to India, and convinces her to go to her father’s ceremony. On the family vacation to the Taj Mahal when their children are teenagers, Ashima says she always wanted to go there with him. She talks about the Taj Mahal being built out of love, and Ashoke says â€Å"all husbands love their wives they just can’t afford to build the Taj Mahal† as he holds her hand. Ashoke loves his wife, so when he is preparing to leave for Ohio he has an alarm system installed in the house to protect Ashima. He asks her to come with him, and she is concerned how he will manage by himself. Their concern for one another’s well being shows how the companionship turned into a relationship filled with love. When Ashima and Ashoke have their first child, they don’t want to name him before leaving the hospital because they were waiting for Ashima’s 85 year old grandmother to choose his name. In the U. S. , parents are required to name a child before leaving the hopsital for the birth certificate. They choose Gogol as a pet name, and wait to choose a â€Å"good name†. In Indian culture a person has two names, a pet name and a good name. When Gogol starts school, he chooses at an early age that he wants to remain being called Gogol after his parents pick the good name of Nikhil. Ashima tells Ashoke â€Å"in this country the children decide, not the parents†. This is an obvious clash of cultures, individualism prevails. As Gogol matures and is in high school he is irritated with his parents name choice of Gogol because it was his father’s favorite author not his own. He wants to change his name back to the good name of Nikhil when he goes off to college. Gogol’s view is very individualistic; he wants his own name and is about himself. His parents’ views are about the family, and the respect for the family. When the family is at the table eating, Gogol calls his parents â€Å"guys†, and Ashima says â€Å"don’t call us guys† because she wants to be respected as his mother. The clashes are both cultural and generation based. Teenagers in any culture choose not to listen to their parents, and play loud music as Gogol did in the movie. The Ganguli home is often filled with Bengali family and friends, and that provides a support system for Ashoke and Ashima. It makes the Ganguli’s feel like they did when they were in India, surrounded by family. Gogol receives some advice from his aunt before leaving for college. She tells him to have fun, but come home and marry a Bengali woman. After Gogol leaves home, he meets Maxine who is American in every sense of the word. She is in the upper social class, and Gogol is attracted to her family because they are American. They call Gogol, Nick short for Nikhil. He distances himself from his parents by not returning phones calls, and upsets Ashima when he would rather visit Maxine’s parents than his own. Gogol does decide to stop at his parents on the way to visit Maxine’s, out of possible guilt for not keeping in touch. Gogol introduces Maxine, and she calls Ashima by her first name. It’s apparent that is not the respectful introduction Ashima would have preferred. Again, a clash in cultures, and what’s considered appropriate. Gogol and Maxine leave, and Maxine states she would’ve never guessed those were his parents. Gogol celebrates his birthday with Maxine’s family and his mother cannot get in contact with him. The distance he creates with his parents deeply saddens Ashima, and will later cause a great amount of regret for Gogol. When Ashoke passes away, Ashima cannot reach Gogol so finally his sister calls to give the news of their father’s death. Gogol goes to identify his dad, and gather his father’s belongings from the apartment he was staying at in Ohio. When he sees his father and is at the apartment he is remorseful for his behavior, and decides to embrace his family along with the Indian culture. At the ceremony for Ashoke, Maxine arrives to be supportive. Gogol rejects her, and is unfair to her. She was trying to be there for him, and work out the relationship. Gogol’s intent was not to take advantage of her during the relationship, but after his father dies it seems like he only wanted to be with her at the time because she was American. His parents wanted him to marry a Bengali. Gogol went from one extreme to another. He wanted to be American and shed Indian influence, but after his father died he had regrets. So, he decided to embrace his family and cut all ties with Maxine. Gogol goes on to marry a Bengali, and the marriage doesn’t survive because his wife chooses to be with another man. Gogol feels free and sets out to travel. Ashima is told by the librarian to â€Å"follow her bliss†, and she decides to share her time in India and the U. S. I really enjoyed this movie because it shed light on arranged marriages. The hardship of coming to a strange country with a stranger, and making a beautiful family was touching. I grew fond of Ashima; she was a strong respectable woman. The movie made me think about the way the relationship grew for Ashoke and Ashima. From strangers to parents to people that really cared for one another. There are American relationships that don’t turn out near as well, and they aren’t arranged. I hadn’t given as much thought to the struggle for children whose parents aren’t born in the U. S Those children have to balance more than one culture, and fit in with their peers. Children have difficultly as it is growing up and learning about being an individual. The movie also gave an example about marrying within your culture doesn’t guarantee a lasting relationship. My own family shares some of the same values as the Ganguli’s, and that was something that helped me connect to the film.

Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Essays

Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Essays Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Paper Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Paper The main rationale for Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s proposition of the health care plan is to make California’s healthcare system more â€Å"accessible, efficient, and affordable† (Moffit Owcharenko, 2007). This is brought about by what he considers a broken health care system of the state in which 6.5 million citizens of California (making up 20% of the state’s population) are uninsured (Office of the Governor, 2007a; MSNBC, 2007). He even stressed the current status of the state’s health care system by saying that it is â€Å"in desperate need of repair† (Office of the Governor, 2007a). It is also important to look at the present and past statistics when talking about this issue. Studies conducted in 2005 found that the rate of adults acquiring health insurance from their employers increased from 55.1 percent in 2003 to 56.2 percent in 2005 (Yoon, Brown, Lavarreda, Glenn, 2006). Aside from that, the rate of children not receiving insurance decreased from 11.3 percent in 2003 to 10. 7 percent in 2005 which is also lower than 14.8 percent in 2001 (Yoon, Brown, Lavarreda, Glenn, 2006). This decrease has been pointed to be the result of latest expansions in the enrollment of children in public insurance plans. Moreover, it has been found that most of the uninsured children are eligible for receiving public insurance programs yet most of them are not enrolled (Lavarreda, Brown, Yoon, Glenn, 2006). Particularly, the governor has specified the vital elements of the proposal: promotion of health, wellness, and prevention; affordable costs, and the program’s coverage of all citizens of California (Office of the Governor, 2007a). California would be the fifth and the largest state other than Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, and Vermont to attempt universal health care plan (Steinhauer, 2007). Coverage of the plan The first part of the governor’s proposal is focused on prevention, health promotion, and wellness. It included the implementation of what has been termed the â€Å"Healthy Actions Incentives/Rewards† programs which rewards individuals who would participate in health oriented programs, behaviors, and practices. These rewards may include weight management courses and gym memberships. (Office of the Governor, 2007b) Due to the increasing cases of diabetes in California, it was decided that the universal health care plan also touch on the prevention and treatment of diabetes. The plan would include different intervention methods, screening, and other programs to reduce the number of citizens acquiring diabetes and to alleviate the current condition of diabetic patients (Office of the Governor, 2007b). Aside from focusing on diabetes problems of most Californians, this program would also focus on the increasing rates of obese individuals and tobacco users. In addition to this prevention plan, medical errors and infections acquired from medical practice is also a focus of the program. The universal health care plan would require the improvement of health care facilities and practices. It also involves focusing on the medical curriculum to make sure that patients are being handled properly and undergo safe medical interventions (Office of the Governor, 2007b). Schwarzenegger stressed that the universal health care plan would be for all Californians stating that â€Å"Everyone in California must have health insurance† (Steinhauer, 2007). This includes working and non-working individuals, adults and children. Accordingly, this plan of covering all citizens would cost an estimated $12 billion (Geis Lee, 2007). The term â€Å"everyone† implies that the plan also covers illegal immigrants in California. There has been an estimated one million illegal immigrants in the state out of the 6.5 million citizens (McKinley, 2007).

Domino's Pizza VS. Pizza Hut Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Domino's Pizza VS. Pizza Hut - Assignment Example Originally, the company was known as Dominick’s until it was purchased by Tom Monaghan who was the sole of owner of Domino’s. He saw some rapid growth in the company and after 38 years of success, Tom Monaghan sold over 90 percent share to Bain Capital Inc. The company stayed as a private limited company; however, after 6 more years, the shares were issued in the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol of DPZ. Since then, the company has been a hot attraction for investors. VLCEK, D. J., & DAVIDSON, J. P. (1992). The domino effect: how to grow sales, profits, and market share through super vision. Homewood, Ill, Business One Irwin. Papa John’s Pizza is another famous pizza delivery corporation in the U.S and is one of the largest pizza chains in the world. It is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Papa John’s has also been growing internationally with over 500 franchises in more than 30 countries. Thin crust pizza has been the company’s specialt y since its start. The company is a public limited company with thirty percent of its shares with John Schnatter, the founder of the company. Fast food companies have been a major attraction for investors during the years as they see greater potential returns. Restaurants such as McDonalds have received a lot of positive reviews in terms of performance and now the investors are looking to invest in other food companies like Papa John/’s and Domino’s. FRANCHISEHELP, INC. (1998). Papa John's: better ingredients, better pizza. Elmsford, N.Y., FranchiseHelp. To compare different companies, the potential investors need to look at the final accounts of the company which include a profit and loss account/ Income statement, the balance sheet, and the cash flow statement. These are the 3 financial accounts that are enough for any investor if he/she needs to find compare 2 similar companies for a higher return. The financial statements measure the performance, the liquidity and the financial worth of the business which is essential for all future shareholders. However, the statements are not solely enough for the decision to invest. Ratio analysis has been widely used by several companies in order to make better decisions. These ratios can help an investor compare different companies for a higher return. As these 2 top fast food chains are public limited companies, their financial statements are available on their specific websites. This information needs to be disclosed as the trading is done in the stock exchange and the public needs to buy there share therefore; the information needs to be available to the public. The accounts for both the companies are drawn below with the latest data from the end of the last financial year of the company. Financia l accounts of both the pizza chains The income statement shows the performance of the business in terms of its basic operations. The profit that is made shows how efficient has the business been in the financial year. Domino’s Pizza Inc. Income Statement For the Years Ended January 3, January 2, 2010 $000 2011 $000 REVENUES: Domestic Company-owned stores

How is genocide defined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How is genocide defined - Essay Example They are a phenomenon of the plural society, with its marked divisions between racial, ethnic, and/or religious groups. Plural society theory deals with the relations between these groups, and the conditions promoting peaceful cohabitation, integration, or violent polarization leading to genocide. It has no application to the genocides of international war, committed in armed conflict between separate states. The Convention definition of genocide is summarized as the intent to destroy in whole or â€Å"in part a racial, ethnic, religious, or national group as such, by killing members of the group or imposing conditions inimical to survival† (Show and Schott 2005, 34). The inclusion of mental harm among the acts constituting genocide seems incongruous, but it must be read in the overall context of the intent to destroy the victim group. Under Article I of the UN Convention, the contracting â€Å"parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of wa r, is a crime under international law† (Show and Schott 2005, 17). The Convention was adopted in 1948 by the UN General Assembly. The notion â€Å"genocide† was developed by R. Lamkin in 1943. He joined two words â€Å"genos† which means family or tribe and â€Å"occidere† which means massacre and killing. Also, Lamkin developed a draft for the Genocide Convention. The main strength of this Convention is that 137 countries recognize mass killing as a crime against humanity and were obliged to prevent genocide on their territories. The main strength of the Convention is that it recognizes genocide and interprets it as â€Å"the crime against humanity†.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Education - Essay Example I seek to expand my knowledge base on every possible occasion and am good at crisis management. I am capable of handling complex situations, without becoming panicky and by maintaining my calm and composure, which is a pre-requisite for every professional in the field of Healthcare. The programme promises to help transform worthy individuals into Healthcare professionals, imparting necessary skills and temperamental polishing. It provides direction in terms of helping the students achieve ground for learning and practising the promotion of superior quality Healthcare, with better judgement skills. It also aims to help students equip themselves with scientific knowledge and also keep themselves abreast with the sweeping minute changes that take place in the industry, aiding the provision of improved healthcare to the society, at large. Therefore, keeping in mind my personal and professional strengths and abilities; and linking them up to the goals of the programme, it is evident that the programme will surely help me polish and sharpen my skills. In addition to this, I am confident that I shall work to the best of my ability and prove my stature as a candidate with immense potential and worthy of being given admission to pursue the programme. Therefore, I hope you will consider me for the same and help me make a mark for myself in the field of Healthcare, while also fulfilling my duty to this noble profession, the society and humanity, with the help of this programme.

Engine Failure Of Flight 191 Engineering Essay

Engine Failure Of Flight 191 Engineering Essay The loss of the engine by itself should not have been enough to cause the accident.[12] Flight 191 would have been perfectly capable of returning to the airport using its remaining two engines, as the DC-10 is capable of staying airborne with any single engine out of operation. However, several other factors combined to cause a catastrophic loss of control. The engine separation had severed the hydraulic lines that controlled the aircrafts leading-edge wing slats (retractable devices that decrease a wings stall speed during takeoff and landing). The damage to the lines caused a loss of hydraulic pressure, which in turn led to uncommanded retraction of the outboard slats in the left wing.[1] Unlike other aircraft designs, the DC-10 did not include a separate mechanism to lock the slats in place.[1] Investigators examined the flight data recorder (FDR) and conducted wind tunnel tests and flight simulator tests to understand the trajectory of flight 191 after the engine detached and the slats retracted. These tests established that the damage to the wing leading edge and retraction of the slats increased the stall speed of the left wing from 124kt to 159kt.[1] Comparison of the FDR data and the simulator tests showed that the pilots of flight 191 had followed the procedure for engine failure at take-off. This procedure called for the captain to go to VHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_Speeds#Other_reference_speeds2 (standard safety takeoff speed) which for flight 191 was 153kt, 6kt below the stall speed.[1] At the time the engine fell off the aircraft, flight 191 was already travelling at 165kt, safely above the stall speed. Thus, by slowing the aircraft to 153kt in accordance with the emergency procedure, the pilots inadvertently induced the stall which proved fatal. Following this accident, McDonnell Douglas revised the procedure, advising that if the aircraft was already flying faster than V2 plus 10kt the pilots should maintain a margin of 10kt above V2.[1] The DC-10 incorporates two warning devices which might have alerted the pilots to the impending stall: the slat disagreement warning light which should have illuminated after the uncommanded retraction of the slats, and the stall warning system (stick-shaker) which activates close to the stall speed. Unfortunately, both of these warning devices were powered by an electric generator driven by the no. 1 engine; following the loss of that engine, they both became inoperative.[1] [edit] Engine separation An FAA diagram of the DC-10 engine and pylon assembly indicating the failed aft pylon attach fitting. From an examinaton of the detached engine, the NTSB concluded that the pylon attachment had been damaged before the crash.[1] Investigators looked at the planes maintenance history and found that its most recent service was eight weeks before the crash, in which engine number one had been removed from the aircraft, however the pylon, the rigging holding the engine onto the wing, had been damaged during the procedure. The original procedure called for removal of the engine prior to the removal of the engine pylon, but American Airlines had begun to use a procedure that saved approximately 200 man-hours per aircraft and more importantly from a safety standpoint, it would reduce the number of disconnects (i.e., hydraulic and fuel lines, electrical cables, and wiring) from 72 to 27.[1] The new procedure involved mechanics removing the engine with the pylon as one unit, rather than the engine, and then the pylon. A large forklift was used to support the engine while it was being detached from the wing a procedure that was found to be extremelly difficult to execute successfully, due to difficulties with holding the engine assembly straight while it was being removed. The field service representative from the manufacturer, McDonnell-Douglas, said it would not encourage this procedure due to the element of risk and had so advised American. However, McDonnell-Douglas does not have the authority to either approve or disapprove the maintenance procedures of its customers.[1] The accident investigation also concluded that the design of the pylon and adjacent surfaces made the parts difficult to service and prone to damage by maintenance crews. The NTSB reported that there were two different approaches to the one-step procedure: using an overhead hoist or using a forklift. United Airlines used a hoist; American and Continental Airlines used a forklift. According to the NTSB, all the cases wherein impact damage was sustained and cracks found involved the use of the forklift.[1] Under the procedure American used, if the forklift was in the wrong position, the engine would rock like a see-saw and jam against the pylon attachment points. The forklift operator was guided by hand and voice signals; the position had to be spot-on or could cause damage. Management was aware of this. The modification to the aircraft involved in Flight 191 did not go smoothly. Engineers started to disconnect the engine and pylon, but changed shift halfway through. When work continued, the pylon was jammed on the wing and the forklift had to be repositioned. This was important evidence because, in order to disconnect the pylon from the wing, a bolt had to be removed so that the flange could strike the clevis. The procedure used caused an indentation that damaged the clevis pin assembly and created an indentation in the housing of the self-aligning bearing, which in turn weakened the structure sufficiently to cause a small stress fracture. The fracture went unnoticed for several fligh ts, getting worse with each flight. During Flight 191s takeoff, enough force was generated to finally cause the pylon to fail. At the point of rotation, the engine detached and was flipped over the top of the wing. [edit] Conclusion The findings of the investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) were released on December 21, 1979:[1] The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the asymmetrical stall and the ensuing roll of the aircraft because of the uncommanded retraction of the left wing outboard leading edge slats and the loss of stall warning and slat disagreement indication systems resulting from maintenance-induced damage leading to the separation of the No. 1 engine and pylon assembly at a critical point during takeoff. The separation resulted from damage by improper maintenance procedures which led to failure of the pylon structure. Contributing to the-cause of the accident were the vulnerability of the design of the pylon attach points to maintenance damage; the vulnerability of the design of the leading edge slat system to the damage which produced asymmetry; deficiencies in Federal Aviation Administration surveillance and reporting systems which failed to detect and prevent the use of improper maintenance procedures; deficiencies in the practices and communications among the operators, the manufacturer, and the FAA which failed to determine and disseminate the particulars regarding previous maintenance damage incidents; and the intolerance of prescribed operational procedures to this unique emergency. The NTSB determined that the damage to the left wing engine pylon had occurred during an earlier engine change at the American Airlines aircraft maintenance facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma on March 29 and 30, 1979.[1] The evidence came from the flange, a critical part of the pylon assembly. [edit] Aftermath First responders survey the Flight 191 crash site in Des Plaines, Illinois. Problems with DC-10s were discovered as a cause of the accident, including deficiencies in both design specifications and maintenance procedures which made damage very likely. In response to this incident, American Airlines was fined by the United States government $500,000 for improper maintenance procedures[12]. Two weeks after the accident, on June 6, the FAA ordered all DC-10s to be grounded until all problems were solved. The ban was lifted on July 13.[13] The crash of another DC-10 in November 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901, would only add to the DC-10s negative reputation at the time however, Flight 901 was caused by several human and environmental factors not related to the airworthiness of the DC-10, and the aircraft was later completely exonerated in that accident. Although McDonnell Douglas employees participated in an Im proud of the DC-10 campaign, the companys shares fell more than 20% following the crash of Flight 191. In 1997, the McDonnell Douglas company was taken over by its rival, Boeing. Despite the safety concerns, the DC-10 went on to outsell its closest competitor, the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, by nearly 2 to 1. This was due to the L-1011s launch being delayed, the introduction of the DC-10-30 long range model without a competing TriStar variant, and the DC-10 having a greater choice of engines (the L-1011 was only available with Rolls-Royce engines, while the DC-10 could be ordered with General Electric or Pratt HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt__WhitneyHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt__Whitney Whitney engines). The DC-10 program also benefited from obtaining a U.S. Air Force contract to develop a long-range refueller, which culminated in the KC-10 Extender. Lockheed had no such support for the TriStar, and halted production in 1982. NTSB investigation The crash of flight 191 brought fierce criticism from the media because it was the fourth fatal accident involving a DC-10 at the time. Six hundred and twenty-two people had died in DC-10 accidents, including flight 191. As the weather was perfect for flying and there was no indication that a flock of birds or another plane caused the crash, the remains of engine #1 raised serious concerns of the safety of the DC-10. The separated engine was not the only concern, as the public wanted to know whether the detached engine was the only cause of the crash. Investigators wondered if a fire was possibly the cause, as this was backed up by testimony from air traffic controller Ed Rucker who said he saw a flash from the wing. This raised concerns that 191 was the result of a terrorist attack. Sixty witnesses who saw the plane on the runway ruled out a bomb, as they all saw engine #1 swing forward then flip up and over the top of the wing, which pointed to structural failure as the cause. The findings of the investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) were released on December 21, 1979. It revealed the probable cause to be attributable to damage to the left wing engine pylon that occurred during an earlier engine change at American Airliness aircraft maintenance facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma on March 29 and 30, 1979. cite web |url=http://amelia.db.erau.edu/reports/ntsb/aar/AAR79-17.pdf |title=NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) Report] Evidence came from the flange, a critical part of the pylon assembly. It was revealed to be damaged before the crash, and investigators looked at the planes maintenance history and found it was serviced eight weeks before the crash. The pylon was damaged due to an ill-thought-out engine removal procedure. The original procedure called for removal of the engine prior to the removal of the engine pylon. To save time and costs, American Airlines, without the approval of McDonnell Douglas, had begun to use a faste r procedure. They instructed their mechanics to remove the engine with the pylon all together as one unit. A large forklift was used to support the engine while it was being detached from the wing. This procedure was extremely difficult to execute successfully, due to difficulties with holding the engine assembly straight while it was being removed. This method of engine-pylon removal was used to save man hours and was encouraged despite differences with the manufacturers specifications on how the procedure was supposed to be performed. The accident investigation also concluded that the design of the pylon and adjacent surfaces made the parts difficult to service and prone to damage by maintenance crews. According to the History Channel,cite video title = The Crash of Flight 191 url = http://store.aetv.com/html/product/index.jhtml?id=71451 publisher = The History Channel publisherid = AAE-71451 medium = DVD] United Airlines and Continental Airlines were also using a one-step procedure. After the accident, cracks were found in the bulkheads of DC-10s in both fleets. The procedure used for maintenance did not proceed smoothly. If the forklift was in the wrong position, the engine would rock like a see-saw and jam against the pylon attachment points. The forklift operator was guided by hand and voice signals; the position had to be spot-on or could cause damage, but management was unaware of this. The modification to the aircraft involved in flight 191 did not go smoothly; engineers started to disconnect the engine and pylon but changed shift halfway through; when work continued, the pylon was jammed on the wing and the forklift had to be re-positioned. This was important evidence because, in order to disconnect the pylon from the wing, a bolt had to be removed so that the flange could strike the clevis. The procedure used caused an indentation that damaged the clevis pin assembly and created an indentation in the housing of the self-aligning bearing, which in turn weakened the structure sufficiently to cause a small stress fracture. The fracture went unnoticed for several flights, getting worse with each flight that the plane had taken. During flight 191s takeoff, enough force was generated to finally cause the pylon to fail. At the point of rotation, the engine detached and was flipped over the top of the wing. The loss of the engine by itself should not have been enough to cause the accident. During an interview on Seconds From Disaster, Former NTSB investigator Michael Marx mentioned there were other incidents where the engine fell off, yet they landed without incident. Flight 191 would have been perfectly capable of returning to the airport using its remaining two engines, as the DC-10 is capable of staying airborne with any single engine out of operation. Unfortunately, several other factors combined to cause a catastrophic loss of control. The separation of the engine severed electrical wiring and hydraulic lines which were routed through the leading edge of the wing. The damage to the lines caused a loss of hydraulic pressure, which in turn led to uncommanded retraction of the outboard slats in the port wing. The DC-10 design included a back-up hydraulic system which should have been enough to keep the slats in place; however, both lines are too close together, a design also used on the DC-9. There should have been enough fluid to keep the slats extended, so investigators wanted to know why they were never re-extended by the pilot. The answer came from the end of the recording on the CVR. The number 1 engine powered both the recorder and the slat warning system, which left the pilot and co-pilot with no way of knowing about the position of the slats. Investigators examined the FDR to see what occurred after the engine detached. The procedure called for the captain to go to V2 which he did perfectly, but investigators found that it said nothing about incidents where the speed was already above V2, as it was in this case. Therefore, the pilot had to reduce speed. Simulator tests were done to see if this made a difference; 13 pilots followed the procedure 70 times and not one was able to recover. The NTSB concluded that reducing speed when the slats are back may actually have made it more difficult for the pilot to recover control of the aircraft. When a DC-10 is about to stall it gives two warnings: The first is the stick-shaker which causes the yoke to vibrate, and the second is a warning light that flashes. These combined warnings should have alerted the pilots to increase speed immediately. American Airlines had chosen to have the stick-shaker on the pilots side only, but the stick-shaker did not operate because it was powered by the missing left engine. In the event of an engine failure, it is possible for the flight engineer to switch the pilots controls to a backup power supply. However, inv estigators determined that in order for him to access the necessary switch, the engineer would have had to unfasten his seat belt, stand up, and turn around. The DC-10 hit the ground with a bank of 112ÂÂ °, and at a nose-down attitude of 21ÂÂ °. The NTSB concluded that given the circumstances of the situation, the pilots could not be reasonably blamed for the resulting accident. In his book Blind Trust, [cite book | title = Blind Trust | last=Nance | first=John J. | authorlink=John J. Nance | publisher = William Morrow Co | isbn = 0-688-05360-2 | year = 1987] John J. Nance argues that the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act caused havoc and induced cost-cutting in the industry, producing a serious erosion of the margin of safety for passengers. Nance argues that the industry reverted from an industry under partial surveillance to an industry running on the honor system. Aftermath Problems with DC-10s were discovered as a cause of the accident, including deficiencies in both design specifications and maintenance procedures which made damage very likely. Since the crash happened just before a Western Airlines DC-10 crashed in Mexico City and five years after a Turkish Airlines DC-10 crashed near Paris, the FAA quickly ordered all DC-10s to be grounded until all problems were solved. The result of the problem-solving was an arguably more efficient and safe DC-10. The US government fined American Airlines $500,000 for improper maintenance procedures, but the insurance settlement for the replacement of the aircraft gave American Airlines $25,000,000 beyond the amount of the fine.Fact|date=June 2007 Although the companys employees participated in an Im proud of the DC-10 campaign, McDonnell Douglas shares fell more than 20% following the crash of Flight 191. The DC-10 itself had a bad reputation, but ironically it was often caused by poor maintenance procedures, and not design flaw. In 1997 the McDonnell Douglas company was taken over by its rival, Boeing, which moved its corporate headquarters from Seattle to Chicago. Despite the safety concerns, the DC-10 went on to outsell its closest competitor, the Lockheed L-1011, by nearly 2 to 1. This was due to the L-1011s launch being delayed and the DC-10 having a greater choice of engines (the L-1011 was only available with Rolls-Royce engines, while the DC-10 could be ordered with General Electric or Pratt Whitney engines).

Modern Turkey :: essays research papers

THE REPUBLIC PERIOD Modern Turkish Period (1923-Present) 1923 Establishment of the Turkish Republic with Ataturk as its first president 1924 Abolition of Caliphate 1925-38 Ataturk's program of reforms to modernize Turkey 1938 Death of Ataturk; Ismet Inonu becomes the Republic's second president 1939-45 Despite the alliance with Britain and France, Turkey remains neutral during World War II 1946 Turkey becomes a charter member of United Nations 1950 Turkey enters Korean War as a part of United Nations force; change from a single-party to a multi-party system 1952 Joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The attempt of the victorious Allies to control the Anatolian territory led to the Turkish War of Independence (1918-23). Following the occupation of Istanbul in 1920 by the British, Italian and French, a Greek army advanced from Izmir deep into Anatolia. While the sultan offered no resistance, under the leadership of Kemal Ataturk, the Turkish Nationalists overturned the postwar settlement embodied in the Treaty of Sà ©vres (1920) and established the Republic of Turkey, formally recognized by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. Mustafa Kemal retired his military uniform and inspired the people to an even greater task: Transformation of the country into the democratic, secular Republic of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881 Birth of Mustafa in Salonika 1893 Enters Military Secondary School where he is given the name of Kema 1899 Enters War College in Constantinople 1902 Graduates as lieutenant 1905 Posted to 5th Army in Damascus 1907 Posted to 3rd Army in Salonika 1908 "Young Turk" Revolution in Salonika 1911 Posted to General Staff in Constantinople; goes to Tobruk and Derna with Turkish Forces, promoted to Major 1912 Balkan War; severe defeat, returns home 1913 Appointed Military Attachà © in Sofia 1914 Promoted Lieutenant-Colonel; Turkey signs secret alliance with Germany; Russia, Britain and France declare war on Turkey 1915 Appointed to reorganize 9th Division, in Thrace; unsuccessful allied naval attack on Dardanelles; allied military landing at Ariburnu (Anzac); promoted to colonel; appointed to command 16th Army Corps 1916 Allied evacuation of Gallipoli Peninsula; transferred to Caucasus front; promoted to General and Pasa 1917 Returns to Constantinople 1919 Appointed Inspector-General in Anatolia; lands in Samsun; issues "Declaration of Independence" at Amasya; ordered by Government to return; resigns from the army; Nationalist Congress at Sivas and Erzurum; National Pact; new parliament elected; headquarters at Angora 1920 (April 23) First Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) at Ankara 1921 Consecutive battles against different enemies; given title of Gazi and rank of Marshal by TGNA